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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trapezregel</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Trapezregel</b> beschreibt ein <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">mathematisches</a> Verfahren zur <a href="Numerische_Mathematik" title="Numerische Mathematik">numerischen</a> Annäherung des <a href="Integralrechnung" title="Integralrechnung">Integrals</a> einer <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> im <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervall</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (<a href="Numerische_Integration" title="Numerische Integration">Numerische Integration</a>).
</p><p>Dazu ersetzt man die Fläche unter der Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=f(x)}">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=f(x)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2311a6a75c54b0ea085a381ba472c31d59321514.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.672ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> im gegebenen Intervall durch ein <a href="Trapez_(Geometrie)" title="Trapez (Geometrie)">Trapez</a> oder mehrere gleich breite Trapeze.
</p><p>Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung dieser Trapeze:
Man kann die Kurve zum Beispiel näherungsweise durch eine Sehne zwischen den Funktionswerten an den Stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}">
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">
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Man kann aber auch in der Mitte des Intervalls die <a href="Tangente" title="Tangente">Tangente</a> an die Funktion legen und erhält dann die <b>Tangententrapezformel</b> oder <b>Mittelpunktsregel</b>.
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
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<mn>728</mn>
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<mn>3</mn>
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<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,628</mn>
<mn>2396649</mn>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4549b48f41d9513743780a304c784c0f921f7e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:61.923ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Mit Hilfe der im Folgenden erklärten Trapezformeln soll dieses bestimmte Integral näherungsweise berechnet werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sehnentrapezformel">Sehnentrapezformel</h2></div>

<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/05c1e561fb3843cf9beac229d6f2000cfe5c4423.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.047ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Trapez wird gebildet aus der Grundlinie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
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</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (dem Intervall auf der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
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<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse), den senkrechten Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
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<mi>a</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b73d305d246c7a702b1259baa067ee368f14871.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.875ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
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</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da26a859be5cc797499c0a337333ee7221bb463f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie der Sehne als <a href="Verbindungsgerade" title="Verbindungsgerade">Verbindungsgerade</a> zwischen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(a)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/368cb4b81ba5754d7a354a4ce49c2f1084bdaace.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.318ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(a)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(b)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(b)}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/adbef9aaf500c30a3f107e5d7efb7a8627d3bba9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.085ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(b)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Diese Sehne ersetzt die Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
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<mi>a</mi>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/82c46c881cf63792ec80cd8806e144acd3371875.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.177ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Sehnentrapezformel ergibt sich aus dem Flächeninhalt des beschriebenen Trapezes:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}">
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<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1529b01e73dd7720a3cf9ab03f629ebeb0450c57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:69.846ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese Formel – und auch die folgenden – kann man herleiten aus der „Allgemeinen Quadraturformel für eine Teilfläche“.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig differenzierbar in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann gilt für das <b>Restglied</b> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d733654dab86d76c9ed9ba7f4473250dfea33d3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> folgende Abschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12d3eedc9c774a9c0a2f64cb2e40a04dac5fe725.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:31.794ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zusätzlich noch reellwertig, dann gilt mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aa934ebd400240a1bafb7e07955fd70c5d899b76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.546ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das <a href="Vorzeichen_(Zahl)" title="Vorzeichen (Zahl)">Vorzeichen</a> in dieser Formel kann man sich wie folgt geometrisch plausibel machen:
Falls die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie in der obigen Abbildung des Sehnentrapezes, <a href="Konvexe_und_konkave_Funktionen" title="Konvexe und konkave Funktionen">streng konkav</a> ist, gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)&lt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1afc130bd9e57a213dbbd456b8ac44cc2b80f03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.858ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/026357b404ee584c475579fb2302a4e9881b8cce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> und daher auch für die Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
Somit folgt, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/92cec41a811b6a58d6de71f168cd5ecefe9c0217.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.347ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)>0}" loading="lazy"></span>, d.&nbsp;h. die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist größer als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e113e75482e50cdccb6a306827ce5bcac12b0ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie auch die Abbildung zeigt.
</p><p>Die Abhängigkeit des Fehlers von der 2. Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> bedeutet, dass die Formel für Geraden exakt ist, was auch anschaulich klar ist. Der <b>Genauigkeitsgrad</b> ist somit 1.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>730</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>243</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5c53035ac829bf7c31a67761d5f4fac49b2bbe2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:43.438ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69a370a268d1c8e43298c5d392eca7c53e750685.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.858ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt aus obiger Formel, dass die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> kleiner ist als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e113e75482e50cdccb6a306827ce5bcac12b0ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, in Übereinstimmung mit den errechneten Zahlen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zusammengesetzte_Sehnentrapezformel">Zusammengesetzte Sehnentrapezformel</h3></div>

<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f1dbc372014d91c3679b5f0ec58366c7185fb97.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.144ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Um das Integral noch besser annähern zu können, unterteilt man das Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> nebeneinanderliegende gleich große Teilintervalle der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcfd2767a84c86fff60f1d0e8837839a10b32bd9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.127ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. In jedem Teilintervall wendet man die Sehnentrapezformel für die einzelnen Teilflächen an und addiert danach die entstandenen Näherungen. Damit erhält man die <b>summierte (bzw. zusammengesetzte) Sehnentrapezformel</b>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/45149dc53df9db5f77de2ad103ee569c8e5e2245.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:46.934ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4cc91991ecc48ff4d287dfca7d0f6cd9dabca283.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.988ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei werden die Funktionswerte an den <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fbd0b0f32b28f51962943ee9ede4fb34198a2521.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.398ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n-1}" loading="lazy"></span> Stützstellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a+ih}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a+ih}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5713bae4e156f805fb3d9d4a002f80c4a40bddda.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.212ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a+ih}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der vollen Breite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> der Teilintervalle und an den Intervallrändern mit der halben Breite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h/2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h/2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fac4e3b62775476fc9d9eab607fc71093d6f7328.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.664ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h/2}" loading="lazy"></span> multipliziert.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75ae41ada01092679c2791cd1ea0fef0d7141e90.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f0365f0b9f2721ed3ebb488a96d7348d978acf8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=6}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>80</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/62966ef1cace64368a1eda2f20682afe0425955b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.171ex; width:78.931ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0b97a54827f073be76dd5dc86e0762072addfe6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38fb7dfd38b5db65d78bb6f2c1bf9e6e6cd07c14.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>10</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>18</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>75,470</mn>
<mn>3608</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bbc651fa78016545ef28cb6485767c98e1f0438.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.838ex; width:89.177ex; height:18.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Man sieht hier den Vorteil der Sehnentrapezregel: Verdoppelt man die Anzahl der Intervalle, so kann auf die vorangegangene Rechnung zurückgegriffen werden. Das ist bei der Tangententrapezregel (s.&nbsp;u.) nicht der Fall. Das ist einer der Gründe, warum die <a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a> auf der Sehnentrapezregel als Basis aufbaut.
</p><p>Die allgemeine Formel lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/70bd412ddb1c8580dd5990aa9c9416eaad01f38c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:49.412ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerabschätzung"><span id="Fehlerabsch.C3.A4tzung"></span>Fehlerabschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Die Fehlerabschätzung für das Restglied lautet
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3eca17b4c64b500c91dfb68e057cc50bf2e5d58d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:34.615ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. für reellwertige Funktionen mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d5c3916703cae7938143d38865f78f27faadd4ae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.095ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta }" loading="lazy"></span> aus dem Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/908635256cc080839950f77904d0d958e621ceaa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:28.401ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ee96b2a49abab22ea200cc66ab956379d0c4773.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.393ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> in obiger Formel bedeutet, dass bei einer Halbierung der Schrittweite (Verdoppelung der Intervalle), wie es beim <a href="Romberg-Verfahren" class="mw-redirect" title="Romberg-Verfahren">Romberg-Verfahren</a> mit der Romberg-Folge der Fall ist, der Fehler in etwa um den Faktor 4 kleiner wird, wie auch nachfolgendes Beispiel zeigt:
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/479d4a9db6351a7761892c9988f17d77542ca33c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.597ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ec8186c0c19db3cd377d8d7f7236e6b5e5e765d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:43.527ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und somit die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>48</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>88</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e127c2f40cf04b410febcb9947ee5e26534ca8d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.382ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d81780202146fd27e797c7060c83d72c974287b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:39.252ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Analog erhält man die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44edd8c36f31b4cd4df41785ea0dd5f96fe00a88.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:64.204ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>182</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>9</mn>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1,842</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f94c4a7c98554eda132d97198ac5cbd57a45cd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:57.582ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>842</mn>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1,815</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48d826d17702ecf53f818538c93d0948f28ba6fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:57.386ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerschätzung"><span id="Fehlersch.C3.A4tzung"></span>Fehlerschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Rechnet man die Sehnentrapezformel zweimal mit 2 verschiedenen Anzahlen von Intervallen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\neq m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\neq m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3994a24401e2dfabca26e4f36e53097a07a57af5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.534ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\neq m}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man folgende Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6cd5f75cd269add03ad3d8a8c68238347016c858.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:41.803ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Speziell bei der Verdoppelung der Intervalle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=2n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=2n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3406330fab673cb333b4e3deeb27dca3bce74ad1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.696ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=2n}" loading="lazy"></span> (Halbierung der Schrittweite) erhält man die Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f01e939531ec9ea973e4a59561d2701885a6b620.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:33.913ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf das obige Beispiel erhält man
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &amp;\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>18</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>27</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7,224</mn>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &amp;\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5d9eb86eb47b9532d5728de5ceef5b761a38a76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.338ex; width:86.429ex; height:11.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &amp;\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asymptotische_Fehlerentwicklung">Asymptotische Fehlerentwicklung</h4></div>
<p>Wir bestimmen im Folgenden die Art des Fehlers der Trapezsumme <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> und im Speziellen ihre Abhängigkeit von der Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span>, wobei das Integral <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75c980562004d96eee429ecea3062e59076825a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.216ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span> bestimmt werden soll.
</p><p>Seien dazu
</p>
<ul><li>die Schrittweite: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3dff4b0da2b411dc07970e9a4264a142c1b239c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.341ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d059936e77a2d707e9ee0a1d9575a1d693ce5d0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.913ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>Trapezsumme ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span>-abhängig: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/624fc571ee0065259f517e4c7b3dddc5bbfb0e6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:48.476ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>der Integrand ist <a href="Differenzierbarkeit#Stetige_Differenzierbarkeit_und_höhere_Ableitungen" title="Differenzierbarkeit">stetig-differenzierbar</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb2094e0cf0c87dd77d2c4a472ab6327072877d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.879ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42411e85d874a733209223302bbd8d5e3ad04cb0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.559ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<p>Dann gilt das folgende Fehlerverhalten für die Trapezsumme<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b2c50907224ec70150742edd258dc2bdccba7e1f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:52.118ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei die folgenden Definitionen gelten
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d00ebcd3defa6d3a66da9106179fc7062835324.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:82.377ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weiterhin sind die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{2k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{2k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d01575253488226c50dd432a9a4c1992f2990159.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.675ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{2k}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch die <a href="Bernoulli-Zahl" title="Bernoulli-Zahl">Bernoulli-Zahlen</a> gegeben und der <a href="Koeffizient" title="Koeffizient">Koeffizient</a> des Resttermes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> kann gleichmäßig in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> abgeschätzt werden kann. Es gilt also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∃<!-- ∃ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∀<!-- ∀ --></mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f83a424910caa14306381aa73ec24bafd04699a9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:49.934ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tangententrapezformel_oder_Mittelpunktsregel">Tangententrapezformel oder Mittelpunktsregel</h2></div>


<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7b655d698f78f40cb8f9cb1ad715a6990a962f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.853ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Trapez wird gebildet aus der Grundlinie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (dem Intervall auf der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse), den senkrechten Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b73d305d246c7a702b1259baa067ee368f14871.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.875ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da26a859be5cc797499c0a337333ee7221bb463f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie der Tangente an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> in der Mitte des Intervalls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>. Diese Tangente ersetzt die Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/82c46c881cf63792ec80cd8806e144acd3371875.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.177ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Tangententrapezformel ergibt sich aus dem Flächeninhalt des beschriebenen Trapezes:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3bffd924be512f9b3e0ff16e45372c90a7430d60.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:28.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese Formel – und auch die folgenden – kann man herleiten aus der „Allgemeinen Quadraturformel für eine Teilfläche“.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig differenzierbar in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann gilt für das <b>Restglied</b> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d733654dab86d76c9ed9ba7f4473250dfea33d3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> folgende Abschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/468336ac53ee2f9096e27819cc145c743a46c717.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:31.407ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zusätzlich noch reellwertig, dann gilt mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fef8d34aa4796a2f625c356512279af6cf19b810.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.417ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Vorzeichen in dieser Formel kann man sich wie folgt geometrisch plausibel machen:
Falls die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie in der obigen Abbildung des Tangententrapezes, <a href="Konvexe_und_konkave_Funktionen" title="Konvexe und konkave Funktionen">streng konkav</a> ist, gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)&lt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1afc130bd9e57a213dbbd456b8ac44cc2b80f03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.858ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/026357b404ee584c475579fb2302a4e9881b8cce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> und daher auch für die Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
Somit folgt, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)&lt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1565d78726abeae040e77b8754ef2d868c1b1422.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.153ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)<0}" loading="lazy"></span>, d.&nbsp;h. die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist kleiner als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51067106dc4a045318dac1fb27a321acfc4d2753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.53ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie auch die Abbildung zeigt.
</p><p>Die Abhängigkeit des Fehlers von der 2. Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> bedeutet, dass die Formel für Geraden exakt ist, was auch anschaulich klar ist. Der <b>Genauigkeitsgrad</b> ist somit 1.
</p><p>Dreht man im obenstehenden Bild der Tangententrapezregel die Tangente im Punkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2504a7999581fca339fa102a4f7fdecfb54253c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.945ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}" loading="lazy"></span> im Uhrzeigersinn bis man eine horizontale Gerade erhält, so entsteht ein Rechteck mit der gleichen Fläche. Die so erhaltene Regel (<a href="Mittelpunktsregel" title="Mittelpunktsregel">Mittelpunktsregel</a>) ist somit eine andere geometrische Deutung der gleichen Quadraturformel.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>18.</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb31dd2fe5ba0cdd67669a706c1c30501e963ad6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.603ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}&gt;0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69a370a268d1c8e43298c5d392eca7c53e750685.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.858ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt aus obiger Formel, dass die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> größer ist als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51067106dc4a045318dac1fb27a321acfc4d2753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.53ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, in Übereinstimmung mit den errechneten Zahlen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zusammengesetzte_Tangententrapezformel_oder_Mittelpunktsregel">Zusammengesetzte Tangententrapezformel oder Mittelpunktsregel</h3></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f141c70188002a0a0e54bf93395a2c796d746a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.923ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Um das Integral noch besser annähern zu können, unterteilt man das Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> nebeneinanderliegende gleich große Teilintervalle der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcfd2767a84c86fff60f1d0e8837839a10b32bd9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.127ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. In jedem Teilintervall wendet man die Tangententrapezformel für die einzelnen Teilflächen an und addiert danach die entstandenen Näherungen. Damit erhält man die <b>summierte (bzw. zusammengesetzte) Tangententrapezformel</b>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/591116f30cd9e38c59ab0771106308cbebcb8f58.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:36.517ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c8550589ba3177b0ee12337fdd03053a2c6fdd31.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.797ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Sei die Schrittweite &nbsp; <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75ae41ada01092679c2791cd1ea0fef0d7141e90.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f0365f0b9f2721ed3ebb488a96d7348d978acf8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=6}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>70,051</mn>
<mn>83266</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/39673795b0a01fef0e88a0452bc7ed10be96f0e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:104.995ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0b97a54827f073be76dd5dc86e0762072addfe6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38fb7dfd38b5db65d78bb6f2c1bf9e6e6cd07c14.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>21</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>23</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>72,710</mn>
<mn>63941368</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/871465295d2d2e5d74c876c9e276a1c292760ec2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.338ex; width:77.856ex; height:13.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im Gegensatz zur Sehnentrapezregel kann bei der Tangententrapezregel bei Verdoppelung der Anzahl der Intervalle auf die vorangegangene Rechnung nicht zurückgegriffen werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerabschätzung_2"><span id="Fehlerabsch.C3.A4tzung_2"></span>Fehlerabschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Die Fehlerabschätzung für das Restglied lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9fae59d4587b0139361f13a171df9a23c94841b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.196ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. für reellwertige Funktionen mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e05eee7c106d4ba8aae0788b6ba7d88e4ad4997.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:29.952ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ee96b2a49abab22ea200cc66ab956379d0c4773.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.393ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> in obiger Formel bedeutet, dass bei einer Halbierung der Schrittweite (Verdoppelung der Intervalle), der Fehler in etwa um den Faktor 4 kleiner wird, wie auch nachfolgendes Beispiel zeigt:
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/479d4a9db6351a7761892c9988f17d77542ca33c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.597ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ec8186c0c19db3cd377d8d7f7236e6b5e5e765d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:43.527ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und somit die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>24</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>44</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a99a2c1dcf06e6f454d9af339b03e2ddb5fbe5ff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.382ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>364</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6809acdf1f3fd050e9b05625f1b4df82bc3fe778.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:42.867ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Analog erhält man als Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo>⁡<!-- ⁡ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>16</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>11</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4737bd8ac0ccfe7ca9e0395409fb4b77edb70701.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.041ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,917</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/27094439552f6517b41d41e9c8fc5253994fe57e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.739ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,917</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,894</mn>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0fdfb77d30effc1be8debab98e12a246df1176d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:61.648ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerschätzung_2"><span id="Fehlersch.C3.A4tzung_2"></span>Fehlerschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Rechnet man die Tangententrapezformel zweimal mit zwei verschiedenen Anzahlen von Intervallen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\neq m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\neq m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3994a24401e2dfabca26e4f36e53097a07a57af5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.534ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\neq m}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man wie bei der Sehnentrapezregel folgende Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/92447227beef065224819af33883791881d7e60f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:42.327ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Speziell bei der Verdoppelung der Intervalle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=2n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=2n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3406330fab673cb333b4e3deeb27dca3bce74ad1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.696ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=2n}" loading="lazy"></span> (Halbierung der Schrittweite) erhält man die Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/809b1e2ba816ef19e6341441687642fe96ececb5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.528ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf das obige Beispiel erhält man
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,545</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d8c24742a3658de439f82036ebf770c1f920e2f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:64.208ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vergleich_von_Sehnentrapezformel_und_Tangententrapezformel_hinsichtlich_der_Güte_der_Näherung"><span id="Vergleich_von_Sehnentrapezformel_und_Tangententrapezformel_hinsichtlich_der_G.C3.BCte_der_N.C3.A4herung"></span>Vergleich von Sehnentrapezformel und Tangententrapezformel hinsichtlich der Güte der Näherung</h2></div>
<p>Für <a href="Konkave_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkave Funktion">konkave Funktionen</a> liefert die Tangententrapezformel eine bessere Näherung als die Sehnentrapezformel.
</p><p>Grafisch veranschaulicht bedeutet dies, dass die nicht ausgeschöpfte gelbe Fläche oberhalb des Funktionsgraphen bei der Tangententrapezformel kleiner ist als die nicht ausgeschöpfte gelbe Fläche unterhalb des Funktionsgraphen bei der Sehnentrapezformel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zusammenhang_mit_anderen_Formeln">Zusammenhang mit anderen Formeln</h2></div>
<p>Wie man an obigen Beispielen sieht, gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/78056dfde43738ec79c8ac53695399b7a4be9641.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.838ex; width:87.607ex; height:12.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&amp;={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die allgemeine Formel lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext>&nbsp;</mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/866f0fa27e48b2b92dac73417cfa9ec56996cfde.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:71.19ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für die Fehlerschätzung der Sehnentrapezregel erhält man somit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2535768a4adc8f0c251a06d5884081e4c27006d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:99.815ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Addiert man zum Näherungswert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b352314da056fca85ac4a846513c0fa6128ec942.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.306ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Fehlerschätzung für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e188fc5e92da2e51f4c71e520eb08d1051814873.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.38ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man die beiden besseren äquivalenten Formeln:
</p>
<ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
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<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
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</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7812a3d723c433d0a56c3a64ab8924266c9b6c37.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:62.225ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span><br>Das ist die Formel von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/64f8f9022f0a0815bc93d93355ffb58c27f30336.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.107ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Simpsonregel" title="Simpsonregel">Simpsonregel</a>. Somit erhält man eine Formel vom Genauigkeitsgrad 3, die Polynome bis zum Grad 3 exakt integriert. Diese liefert i.&nbsp;A. bessere Resultate als <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b352314da056fca85ac4a846513c0fa6128ec942.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.306ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/709e5c6cb56eada6c5d79c3a4a9962d601e0b809.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.084ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/17398a1d0851355b45c205fb9fc129228a78f046.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:59.278ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}" loading="lazy"></span><br>Das ist die Formel für die 2. Spalte des Rechenschemas der <a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a> bei Verwendung der Romberg-Folge. Somit ist die 2. Spalte des Rombergschemas die Simpsonregel mit dem Genauigkeitsgrad 3.</li></ol>
<p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel erhält man mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
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</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
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</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>27</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,664</mn>
<mn>18473741264</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdeae211886cb4112f420bb74863377c492bb714.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:102.455ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>eine bessere Näherung für das exakte Integral <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,628</mn>
<mn>2396649</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec9cd88e8f14dcc52b4f45ebf639a2cb610d0782.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.635ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>als mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>80</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>75,470</mn>
<mn>3608...</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ac8c94ac72e44165fd43c1b60419fcbb58671971.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.519ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}" loading="lazy"></span>, oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>70,051</mn>
<mn>83266</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe8f8466f9abe14615751c77a2619ac60322a9a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.434ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>bei gleicher Anzahl auszuwertender Funktionswerte wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6bbd86e724fa128cc5be26ddafaf8b4ac2adc817.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.963ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, nämlich 13 Stück.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Newton-Cotes-Formeln" title="Newton-Cotes-Formeln">Newton-Cotes-Formeln</a></li>
<li><a href="Simpsonregel" title="Simpsonregel">Simpsonregel</a> (Keplersche Fassregel)</li>
<li><a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a></li>
<li><a href="Trapez-Methode" title="Trapez-Methode">Trapez-Methode</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Josef Stoer: <i>Numerische Mathematik.</i> Springer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-540-21395-3.</li>
<li>Martin Hanke-Bourgeois: <i>Grundlagen der Numerischen Mathematik und des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens.</i> Teubner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-519-00356-2, S. 317 ff.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger B. Nelsen: <i>Beweise ohne Worte</i>, Deutschsprachige Ausgabe herausgegeben von Nicola Oswald, <a href="Springer_Spektrum" title="Springer Spektrum">Springer Spektrum</a>, Springer-Verlag <a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> <a href="Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50330-0, Seite 169</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Mathematics_Magazine" title="Mathematics Magazine">Mathematics Magazine</a>, vol. 68, no. 3 (June 1995), S. 192</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Deuflhard; Folkmar Bornemann: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerische Mathematik / 1. Eine algorithmisch orientierte Einführung.</cite> 4., überarb. und erw. Auflage. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>. de Gruyter, Berlin, ISBN 3-11-020354-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>313</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Trapezregel&amp;rft.au=Peter+Deuflhard%3B+Folkmar+Bornemann&amp;rft.btitle=Numerische+Mathematik+%2F+1.+Eine+algorithmisch+orientierte+Einf%C3%BChrung.&amp;rft.edition=4.%2C+%C3%BCberarb.+und+erw.+Aufl.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=3110203545&amp;rft.pages=313&amp;rft.place=Berlin&amp;rft.pub=de+Gruyter&amp;rft.volume=1" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger B. Nelsen: <i>Beweise ohne Worte</i>, Deutschsprachige Ausgabe herausgegeben von Nicola Oswald, Springer Spektrum, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50330-0, Seite 170</span>
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