<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Trapezregel</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezregel"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Trapezregel rootpage-Trapezregel skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Trapezregel</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p>Die <b>Trapezregel</b> beschreibt ein <a href="Mathematik" title="Mathematik">mathematisches</a> Verfahren zur <a href="Numerische_Mathematik" title="Numerische Mathematik">numerischen</a> Annäherung des <a href="Integralrechnung" title="Integralrechnung">Integrals</a> einer <a href="Funktion_(Mathematik)" title="Funktion (Mathematik)">Funktion</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> im <a href="Intervall_(Mathematik)" title="Intervall (Mathematik)">Intervall</a> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (<a href="Numerische_Integration" title="Numerische Integration">Numerische Integration</a>).
</p><p>Dazu ersetzt man die Fläche unter der Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle y=f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>y</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle y=f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2311a6a75c54b0ea085a381ba472c31d59321514.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.672ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle y=f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> im gegebenen Intervall durch ein <a href="Trapez_(Geometrie)" title="Trapez (Geometrie)">Trapez</a> oder mehrere gleich breite Trapeze.
</p><p>Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung dieser Trapeze:
Man kann die Kurve zum Beispiel näherungsweise durch eine Sehne zwischen den Funktionswerten an den Stellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" loading="lazy"></span> ersetzen. Dies führt zur <b>Sehnentrapezformel</b>.
Man kann aber auch in der Mitte des Intervalls die <a href="Tangente" title="Tangente">Tangente</a> an die Funktion legen und erhält dann die <b>Tangententrapezformel</b> oder <b>Mittelpunktsregel</b>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiel">Beispiel</h2></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msubsup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo maxsize="1.623em" minsize="1.623em">|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>9</mn>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,628</mn>
<mn>2396649</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b4549b48f41d9513743780a304c784c0f921f7e3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:61.923ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x={\frac {3^{3x-2}}{\ln(3)}}{\Big |}_{0}^{2}={\frac {728}{9\ln(3)}}=73{,}6282396649\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Mit Hilfe der im Folgenden erklärten Trapezformeln soll dieses bestimmte Integral näherungsweise berechnet werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sehnentrapezformel">Sehnentrapezformel</h2></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/05c1e561fb3843cf9beac229d6f2000cfe5c4423.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.047ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T(f)+E(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Trapez wird gebildet aus der Grundlinie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (dem Intervall auf der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse), den senkrechten Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b73d305d246c7a702b1259baa067ee368f14871.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.875ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da26a859be5cc797499c0a337333ee7221bb463f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie der Sehne als <a href="Verbindungsgerade" title="Verbindungsgerade">Verbindungsgerade</a> zwischen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(a)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(a)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/368cb4b81ba5754d7a354a4ce49c2f1084bdaace.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.318ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(a)}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(b)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(b)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/adbef9aaf500c30a3f107e5d7efb7a8627d3bba9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.085ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(b)}" loading="lazy"></span>. Diese Sehne ersetzt die Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/82c46c881cf63792ec80cd8806e144acd3371875.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.177ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Sehnentrapezformel ergibt sich aus dem Flächeninhalt des beschriebenen Trapezes:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1529b01e73dd7720a3cf9ab03f629ebeb0450c57.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:69.846ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)=(b-a)\cdot f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}(b-a)\cdot (f(b)-f(a))=(b-a){\frac {f(a)+f(b)}{2}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese Formel – und auch die folgenden – kann man herleiten aus der „Allgemeinen Quadraturformel für eine Teilfläche“.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig differenzierbar in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann gilt für das <b>Restglied</b> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d733654dab86d76c9ed9ba7f4473250dfea33d3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> folgende Abschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/12d3eedc9c774a9c0a2f64cb2e40a04dac5fe725.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:31.794ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zusätzlich noch reellwertig, dann gilt mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/aa934ebd400240a1bafb7e07955fd70c5d899b76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.546ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{12}}f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das <a href="Vorzeichen_(Zahl)" title="Vorzeichen (Zahl)">Vorzeichen</a> in dieser Formel kann man sich wie folgt geometrisch plausibel machen:
Falls die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie in der obigen Abbildung des Sehnentrapezes, <a href="Konvexe_und_konkave_Funktionen" title="Konvexe und konkave Funktionen">streng konkav</a> ist, gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1afc130bd9e57a213dbbd456b8ac44cc2b80f03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.858ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/026357b404ee584c475579fb2302a4e9881b8cce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> und daher auch für die Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
Somit folgt, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/92cec41a811b6a58d6de71f168cd5ecefe9c0217.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:24.347ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-T(f)>0}" loading="lazy"></span>, d. h. die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist größer als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e113e75482e50cdccb6a306827ce5bcac12b0ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie auch die Abbildung zeigt.
</p><p>Die Abhängigkeit des Fehlers von der 2. Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> bedeutet, dass die Formel für Geraden exakt ist, was auch anschaulich klar ist. Der <b>Genauigkeitsgrad</b> ist somit 1.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>730</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>243</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5c53035ac829bf7c31a67761d5f4fac49b2bbe2a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:43.438ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)=(2-0){\frac {f(0)+f(2)}{2}}={\frac {730}{3}}=243{,}{\bar {3}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69a370a268d1c8e43298c5d392eca7c53e750685.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.858ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt aus obiger Formel, dass die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> kleiner ist als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2e113e75482e50cdccb6a306827ce5bcac12b0ee.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.724ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, in Übereinstimmung mit den errechneten Zahlen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zusammengesetzte_Sehnentrapezformel">Zusammengesetzte Sehnentrapezformel</h3></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4f1dbc372014d91c3679b5f0ec58366c7185fb97.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.144ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=T^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Um das Integral noch besser annähern zu können, unterteilt man das Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> nebeneinanderliegende gleich große Teilintervalle der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcfd2767a84c86fff60f1d0e8837839a10b32bd9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.127ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. In jedem Teilintervall wendet man die Sehnentrapezformel für die einzelnen Teilflächen an und addiert danach die entstandenen Näherungen. Damit erhält man die <b>summierte (bzw. zusammengesetzte) Sehnentrapezformel</b>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/45149dc53df9db5f77de2ad103ee569c8e5e2245.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:46.934ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)=h\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(a)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(b)+\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4cc91991ecc48ff4d287dfca7d0f6cd9dabca283.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.988ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Dabei werden die Funktionswerte an den <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n-1}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n-1}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fbd0b0f32b28f51962943ee9ede4fb34198a2521.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.398ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n-1}" loading="lazy"></span> Stützstellen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a+ih}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a+ih}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5713bae4e156f805fb3d9d4a002f80c4a40bddda.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.212ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a+ih}" loading="lazy"></span> mit der vollen Breite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> der Teilintervalle und an den Intervallrändern mit der halben Breite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h/2}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>/</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h/2}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fac4e3b62775476fc9d9eab607fc71093d6f7328.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.664ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h/2}" loading="lazy"></span> multipliziert.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75ae41ada01092679c2791cd1ea0fef0d7141e90.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f0365f0b9f2721ed3ebb488a96d7348d978acf8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=6}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>80</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/62966ef1cace64368a1eda2f20682afe0425955b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.171ex; width:78.931ex; height:11.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(6)}(f)&={\frac {1}{3}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{3}}\right)+f(1)+f\left({\frac {4}{3}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{3}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {728}{9}}=80{,}{\bar {8}}.\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0b97a54827f073be76dd5dc86e0762072addfe6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38fb7dfd38b5db65d78bb6f2c1bf9e6e6cd07c14.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>10</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>18</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>75,470</mn>
<mn>3608</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0bbc651fa78016545ef28cb6485767c98e1f0438.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -8.838ex; width:89.177ex; height:18.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\left({\frac {1}{2}}f(0)+f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {2}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+...+f\left({\frac {10}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)+{\frac {1}{2}}f(2)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}=75{,}4703608\dotso \end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Man sieht hier den Vorteil der Sehnentrapezregel: Verdoppelt man die Anzahl der Intervalle, so kann auf die vorangegangene Rechnung zurückgegriffen werden. Das ist bei der Tangententrapezregel (s. u.) nicht der Fall. Das ist einer der Gründe, warum die <a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a> auf der Sehnentrapezregel als Basis aufbaut.
</p><p>Die allgemeine Formel lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/70bd412ddb1c8580dd5990aa9c9416eaad01f38c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:49.412ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerabschätzung"><span id="Fehlerabsch.C3.A4tzung"></span>Fehlerabschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Die Fehlerabschätzung für das Restglied lautet
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3eca17b4c64b500c91dfb68e057cc50bf2e5d58d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:34.615ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}\left|f''(x)\right|}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. für reellwertige Funktionen mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d5c3916703cae7938143d38865f78f27faadd4ae.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.095ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta }" loading="lazy"></span> aus dem Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/908635256cc080839950f77904d0d958e621ceaa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:28.401ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)=-{\frac {(b-a)}{12}}h^{2}f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ee96b2a49abab22ea200cc66ab956379d0c4773.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.393ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> in obiger Formel bedeutet, dass bei einer Halbierung der Schrittweite (Verdoppelung der Intervalle), wie es beim <a href="Romberg-Verfahren" class="mw-redirect" title="Romberg-Verfahren">Romberg-Verfahren</a> mit der Romberg-Folge der Fall ist, der Fehler in etwa um den Faktor 4 kleiner wird, wie auch nachfolgendes Beispiel zeigt:
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/479d4a9db6351a7761892c9988f17d77542ca33c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.597ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ec8186c0c19db3cd377d8d7f7236e6b5e5e765d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:43.527ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und somit die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>48</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>88</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5e127c2f40cf04b410febcb9947ee5e26534ca8d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.382ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{2}}=48{,}88\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5d81780202146fd27e797c7060c83d72c974287b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:39.252ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {728}{9}}\cdot {\frac {1-\ln(3)}{\ln(3)}}=-7{,}26\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Analog erhält man die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>8</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>22</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/44edd8c36f31b4cd4df41785ea0dd5f96fe00a88.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:64.204ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{12}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{8}}=12{,}22\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>182</mn>
<mrow>
<mn>9</mn>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1,842</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3f94c4a7c98554eda132d97198ac5cbd57a45cd8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:57.582ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)={\frac {182}{9\ln(3)}}\cdot (4-2\ln(3)-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}})=-1{,}842\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>,</mo>
<mn>842</mn>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1,815</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/48d826d17702ecf53f818538c93d0948f28ba6fc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:57.386ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=1,842\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {7{,}26\dots }{4}}=1{,}815\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerschätzung"><span id="Fehlersch.C3.A4tzung"></span>Fehlerschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Rechnet man die Sehnentrapezformel zweimal mit 2 verschiedenen Anzahlen von Intervallen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\neq m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\neq m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3994a24401e2dfabca26e4f36e53097a07a57af5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.534ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\neq m}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man folgende Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6cd5f75cd269add03ad3d8a8c68238347016c858.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:41.803ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(T^{(m)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Speziell bei der Verdoppelung der Intervalle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=2n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=2n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3406330fab673cb333b4e3deeb27dca3bce74ad1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.696ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=2n}" loading="lazy"></span> (Halbierung der Schrittweite) erhält man die Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f01e939531ec9ea973e4a59561d2701885a6b620.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:33.913ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf das obige Beispiel erhält man
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>26</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>18</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>728</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>27</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>7,224</mn>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b5d9eb86eb47b9532d5728de5ceef5b761a38a76.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.338ex; width:86.429ex; height:11.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E^{(6)}(f)=-7{,}26\dots &\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)\right)\\&={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {728+364{\sqrt {3}}}{18}}-{\frac {728}{9}}\right)={\frac {2}{27}}(364{\sqrt {3}}-728)=-7{,}2247\dots .\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asymptotische_Fehlerentwicklung">Asymptotische Fehlerentwicklung</h4></div>
<p>Wir bestimmen im Folgenden die Art des Fehlers der Trapezsumme <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" loading="lazy"></span> und im Speziellen ihre Abhängigkeit von der Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span>, wobei das Integral <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75c980562004d96eee429ecea3062e59076825a8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:11.216ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x}" loading="lazy"></span> bestimmt werden soll.
</p><p>Seien dazu
</p>
<ul><li>die Schrittweite: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d3dff4b0da2b411dc07970e9a4264a142c1b239c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:10.341ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d059936e77a2d707e9ee0a1d9575a1d693ce5d0b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.913ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>Trapezsumme ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span>-abhängig: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/624fc571ee0065259f517e4c7b3dddc5bbfb0e6d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:48.476ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=T_{n}(h)={\frac {h}{2}}\left(f(a)+f(b)+2\sum _{i=1}^{n-1}f(a+ih)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></li>
<li>der Integrand ist <a href="Differenzierbarkeit#Stetige_Differenzierbarkeit_und_höhere_Ableitungen" title="Differenzierbarkeit">stetig-differenzierbar</a>: <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bb2094e0cf0c87dd77d2c4a472ab6327072877d1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:16.879ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\in C^{2m+1}([a,b])}" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/42411e85d874a733209223302bbd8d5e3ad04cb0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.559ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m\in \mathbb {N} }" loading="lazy"></span>.</li></ul>
<p>Dann gilt das folgende Fehlerverhalten für die Trapezsumme<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b2c50907224ec70150742edd258dc2bdccba7e1f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:52.118ex; height:7.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T_{n}(h)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x+\sum _{k=1}^{m}\tau _{2k}h^{2k}+R_{2m+2}(h)h^{2m+2}\,,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>wobei die folgenden Definitionen gelten
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>!</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1d00ebcd3defa6d3a66da9106179fc7062835324.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:82.377ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau _{2k}={\frac {B_{2k}}{(2k)!}}\left(f^{(2k-1)}(b)-f^{(2k-1)}(a)\right)\,,\quad R_{2m+2}(h)=-\int _{a}^{b}K_{2m+2}(t,h)f^{(2m)}(t)\,\mathrm {d} t\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Weiterhin sind die <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B_{2k}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>k</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B_{2k}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d01575253488226c50dd432a9a4c1992f2990159.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.675ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B_{2k}}" loading="lazy"></span> durch die <a href="Bernoulli-Zahl" title="Bernoulli-Zahl">Bernoulli-Zahlen</a> gegeben und der <a href="Koeffizient" title="Koeffizient">Koeffizient</a> des Resttermes <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>R</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}" loading="lazy"></span> kann gleichmäßig in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b26be3e694314bc90c3215047e4a2010c6ee184a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h}" loading="lazy"></span> abgeschätzt werden kann. Es gilt also
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi mathvariant="normal">∃<!-- ∃ --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mspace width="thickmathspace"></mspace>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∀<!-- ∀ --></mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>:</mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>C</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f83a424910caa14306381aa73ec24bafd04699a9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:49.934ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \exists C_{2m+2}\geq 0\;\forall h={\frac {b-a}{n}}\,:\quad |R_{2m+2}(h)|\leq C_{2m+2}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tangententrapezformel_oder_Mittelpunktsregel">Tangententrapezformel oder Mittelpunktsregel</h2></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d7b655d698f78f40cb8f9cb1ad715a6990a962f3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.853ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M(f)+E(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Trapez wird gebildet aus der Grundlinie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> (dem Intervall auf der <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f9e315fd7e2ba406057a97300593c4802b53e4.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x}" loading="lazy"></span>-Achse), den senkrechten Geraden <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2b73d305d246c7a702b1259baa067ee368f14871.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.875ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,f(a)]}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/da26a859be5cc797499c0a337333ee7221bb463f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.411ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [b,f(b)]}" loading="lazy"></span> sowie der Tangente an <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> in der Mitte des Intervalls <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>. Diese Tangente ersetzt die Kurve <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/82c46c881cf63792ec80cd8806e144acd3371875.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.177ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x),x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
</p><p>Die Tangententrapezformel ergibt sich aus dem Flächeninhalt des beschriebenen Trapezes:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3bffd924be512f9b3e0ff16e45372c90a7430d60.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:28.111ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)=(b-a)\ f\left({\frac {a+b}{2}}\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Diese Formel – und auch die folgenden – kann man herleiten aus der „Allgemeinen Quadraturformel für eine Teilfläche“.
</p><p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zweimal stetig differenzierbar in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>, dann gilt für das <b>Restglied</b> <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d733654dab86d76c9ed9ba7f4473250dfea33d3e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.864ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> folgende Abschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/468336ac53ee2f9096e27819cc145c743a46c717.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:31.407ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E(f)\right|\leq {\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Ist <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/132e57acb643253e7810ee9702d9581f159a1c61.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.279ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f}" loading="lazy"></span> zusätzlich noch reellwertig, dann gilt mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fef8d34aa4796a2f625c356512279af6cf19b810.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:24.417ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)={\frac {(b-a)^{3}}{24}}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Das Vorzeichen in dieser Formel kann man sich wie folgt geometrisch plausibel machen:
Falls die Funktion <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie in der obigen Abbildung des Tangententrapezes, <a href="Konvexe_und_konkave_Funktionen" title="Konvexe und konkave Funktionen">streng konkav</a> ist, gilt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d1afc130bd9e57a213dbbd456b8ac44cc2b80f03.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.858ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)<0}" loading="lazy"></span> für alle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/026357b404ee584c475579fb2302a4e9881b8cce.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.725ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x\in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> und daher auch für die Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>.
Somit folgt, dass <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)<0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>E</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo><</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)<0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/1565d78726abeae040e77b8754ef2d868c1b1422.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.153ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E(f)=J(f)-M(f)<0}" loading="lazy"></span>, d. h. die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> ist kleiner als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51067106dc4a045318dac1fb27a321acfc4d2753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.53ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, wie auch die Abbildung zeigt.
</p><p>Die Abhängigkeit des Fehlers von der 2. Ableitung von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(x)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(x)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/202945cce41ecebb6f643f31d119c514bec7a074.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.418ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(x)}" loading="lazy"></span> bedeutet, dass die Formel für Geraden exakt ist, was auch anschaulich klar ist. Der <b>Genauigkeitsgrad</b> ist somit 1.
</p><p>Dreht man im obenstehenden Bild der Tangententrapezregel die Tangente im Punkt <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2504a7999581fca339fa102a4f7fdecfb54253c1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.945ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (c,f(c))}" loading="lazy"></span> im Uhrzeigersinn bis man eine horizontale Gerade erhält, so entsteht ein Rechteck mit der gleichen Fläche. Die so erhaltene Regel (<a href="Mittelpunktsregel" title="Mittelpunktsregel">Mittelpunktsregel</a>) ist somit eine andere geometrische Deutung der gleichen Quadraturformel.
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>18.</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/cb31dd2fe5ba0cdd67669a706c1c30501e963ad6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.603ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)=(2-0)\cdot f(1)=18.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Wegen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>></mo>
<mn>0</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/69a370a268d1c8e43298c5d392eca7c53e750685.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.858ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}>0}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt aus obiger Formel, dass die gesuchte Fläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d51e47d428e64ccf55397b2bcdd01decd659c695.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.559ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> größer ist als die Trapezfläche <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>M</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/51067106dc4a045318dac1fb27a321acfc4d2753.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:5.53ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, in Übereinstimmung mit den errechneten Zahlen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zusammengesetzte_Tangententrapezformel_oder_Mittelpunktsregel">Zusammengesetzte Tangententrapezformel oder Mittelpunktsregel</h3></div>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/87f141c70188002a0a0e54bf93395a2c796d746a.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.923ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,\mathrm {d} x=M^{(n)}(f)+E^{(n)}(f).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Um das Integral noch besser annähern zu können, unterteilt man das Intervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9c4b788fc5c637e26ee98b45f89a5c08c85f7935.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:4.555ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span> in <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}" loading="lazy"></span> nebeneinanderliegende gleich große Teilintervalle der Länge <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bcfd2767a84c86fff60f1d0e8837839a10b32bd9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.127ex; height:3.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {b-a}{n}}}" loading="lazy"></span>. In jedem Teilintervall wendet man die Tangententrapezformel für die einzelnen Teilflächen an und addiert danach die entstandenen Näherungen. Damit erhält man die <b>summierte (bzw. zusammengesetzte) Tangententrapezformel</b>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/591116f30cd9e38c59ab0771106308cbebcb8f58.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:36.517ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)=h\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>n</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c8550589ba3177b0ee12337fdd03053a2c6fdd31.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.797ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\frac {(b-a)}{n}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/75ae41ada01092679c2791cd1ea0fef0d7141e90.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{3}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=6}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=6}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f0365f0b9f2721ed3ebb488a96d7348d978acf8f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.656ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=6}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>364</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>70,051</mn>
<mn>83266</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/39673795b0a01fef0e88a0452bc7ed10be96f0e9.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:104.995ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)={\frac {364{\sqrt {3}}}{9}}=70{,}05183266\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Sei die Schrittweite <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>h</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c0b97a54827f073be76dd5dc86e0762072addfe6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:6.096ex; height:3.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h={\tfrac {1}{6}}}" loading="lazy"></span> und damit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n=12}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n=12}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/38fb7dfd38b5db65d78bb6f2c1bf9e6e6cd07c14.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.818ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n=12}" loading="lazy"></span>. Dann ist
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>21</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>23</mn>
<mn>12</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>6</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>72,710</mn>
<mn>63941368</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/871465295d2d2e5d74c876c9e276a1c292760ec2.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -6.338ex; width:77.856ex; height:13.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}M^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{12}}\right)+\dots +f\left({\frac {21}{12}}\right)+f\left({\frac {23}{12}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {3^{6}-1}{2\cdot 3^{\frac {7}{4}}({\sqrt {3}}-1)}}=72{,}71063941368\dots .\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Im Gegensatz zur Sehnentrapezregel kann bei der Tangententrapezregel bei Verdoppelung der Anzahl der Intervalle auf die vorangegangene Rechnung nicht zurückgegriffen werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerabschätzung_2"><span id="Fehlerabsch.C3.A4tzung_2"></span>Fehlerabschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Die Fehlerabschätzung für das Restglied lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mtext> </mtext>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e9fae59d4587b0139361f13a171df9a23c94841b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:35.196ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(n)}(f)\right|\leq {(b-a) \over 24}\ h^{2}\max _{a\leq x\leq b}{\left|f''(x)\right|}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>bzw. für reellwertige Funktionen mit einer Zwischenstelle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo>∈<!-- ∈ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">[</mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo>,</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">]</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a5c0a05612861d93df303c63f237b4b0220ccf48.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.491ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \zeta \in [a,b]}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>b</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>a</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ζ<!-- ζ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0e05eee7c106d4ba8aae0788b6ba7d88e4ad4997.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:29.952ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)={(b-a) \over 24}\cdot h^{2}\cdot f''(\zeta ).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Der Faktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle h^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle h^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0ee96b2a49abab22ea200cc66ab956379d0c4773.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.393ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle h^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> in obiger Formel bedeutet, dass bei einer Halbierung der Schrittweite (Verdoppelung der Intervalle), der Fehler in etwa um den Faktor 4 kleiner wird, wie auch nachfolgendes Beispiel zeigt:
</p><p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel:
</p><p>Mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/479d4a9db6351a7761892c9988f17d77542ca33c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.597ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f''(x)=3^{3x+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span> folgt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<munder>
<mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</munder>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo>″</mo>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5ec8186c0c19db3cd377d8d7f7236e6b5e5e765d.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:43.527ex; height:4.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \max _{0\leq x\leq 2}\left|f''(x)\right|=3^{3\cdot 2+1}\cdot \ln(3)^{2}=3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und somit die Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>24</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>44</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a99a2c1dcf06e6f454d9af339b03e2ddb5fbe5ff.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.382ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{3}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{4}}=24{,}44\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>364</mn>
<mn>9</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6809acdf1f3fd050e9b05625f1b4df82bc3fe778.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:42.867ex; height:6.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)={\frac {364}{9}}\cdot {\frac {2-\ln(3){\sqrt {3}}}{\ln(3)}}=3{,}5764\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Analog erhält man als Fehlerabschätzung
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>≤<!-- ≤ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>24</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>7</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>4</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>3</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<msup>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mn>16</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>11</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/4737bd8ac0ccfe7ca9e0395409fb4b77edb70701.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:63.041ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|\leq {\frac {2}{24}}\cdot \left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)^{2}\cdot 3^{7}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}={\frac {3^{4}\cdot (\ln(3))^{2}}{16}}=6{,}11\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>,</dd></dl>
<p>die erwartungsgemäß einen größeren Wert ergibt als den exakten Wert
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,917</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/27094439552f6517b41d41e9c8fc5253994fe57e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.739ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(12)}(f)=0{,}9176\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Es gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,917</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>|</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>0,894</mn>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/0fdfb77d30effc1be8debab98e12a246df1176d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:61.648ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left|E^{(12)}(f)\right|=0{,}9176\dots \approx {\frac {\left|E^{(6)}(f)\right|}{4}}={\frac {3{,}5764\dots }{4}}=0{,}8941\dots .}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fehlerschätzung_2"><span id="Fehlersch.C3.A4tzung_2"></span>Fehlerschätzung</h4></div>
<p>Rechnet man die Tangententrapezformel zweimal mit zwei verschiedenen Anzahlen von Intervallen <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n\neq m}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>≠<!-- ≠ --></mo>
<mi>m</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n\neq m}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3994a24401e2dfabca26e4f36e53097a07a57af5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.534ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n\neq m}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man wie bei der Sehnentrapezregel folgende Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>m</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>m</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/92447227beef065224819af33883791881d7e60f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:42.327ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {m^{2}}{m^{2}-n^{2}}}\left(M^{(m)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Speziell bei der Verdoppelung der Intervalle <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle m=2n}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>m</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle m=2n}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/3406330fab673cb333b4e3deeb27dca3bce74ad1.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.696ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle m=2n}" loading="lazy"></span> (Halbierung der Schrittweite) erhält man die Fehlerschätzung:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/809b1e2ba816ef19e6341441687642fe96ececb5.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:40.528ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(2n)}(f)-M^{(n)}(f)\right)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<p>Angewandt auf das obige Beispiel erhält man
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,576</mn>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mn>2</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>3,545</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7d8c24742a3658de439f82036ebf770c1f920e2f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:64.208ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(6)}(f)=3{,}5764\dotso \approx {\frac {2^{2}}{2^{2}-1}}\left(M^{(12)}(f)-M^{(6)}(f)\right)=3{,}545\dotso }" loading="lazy"></span>.</dd></dl>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vergleich_von_Sehnentrapezformel_und_Tangententrapezformel_hinsichtlich_der_Güte_der_Näherung"><span id="Vergleich_von_Sehnentrapezformel_und_Tangententrapezformel_hinsichtlich_der_G.C3.BCte_der_N.C3.A4herung"></span>Vergleich von Sehnentrapezformel und Tangententrapezformel hinsichtlich der Güte der Näherung</h2></div>
<p>Für <a href="Konkave_Funktion" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkave Funktion">konkave Funktionen</a> liefert die Tangententrapezformel eine bessere Näherung als die Sehnentrapezformel.
</p><p>Grafisch veranschaulicht bedeutet dies, dass die nicht ausgeschöpfte gelbe Fläche oberhalb des Funktionsgraphen bei der Tangententrapezformel kleiner ist als die nicht ausgeschöpfte gelbe Fläche unterhalb des Funktionsgraphen bei der Sehnentrapezformel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zusammenhang_mit_anderen_Formeln">Zusammenhang mit anderen Formeln</h2></div>
<p>Wie man an obigen Beispielen sieht, gilt
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mtable columnalign="right left right left right left right left right left right left" rowspacing="3pt" columnspacing="0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em 2em 0em" displaystyle="true">
<mtr>
<mtd>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>3</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>5</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>7</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>9</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>11</mn>
<mn>6</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mtd>
</mtr>
<mtr>
<mtd></mtd>
<mtd>
<mi></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mtd>
</mtr>
</mtable>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/78056dfde43738ec79c8ac53695399b7a4be9641.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -5.838ex; width:87.607ex; height:12.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}T^{(12)}(f)&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {1}{6}}\cdot \left(f\left({\frac {1}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {3}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {5}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {7}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {9}{6}}\right)+f\left({\frac {11}{6}}\right)\right)\\&={\frac {T^{(6)}(f)+M^{(6)}(f)}{2}}.\\\end{aligned}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die allgemeine Formel lautet:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<munderover>
<mo>∑<!-- ∑ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</munderover>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>a</mi>
<mtext> </mtext>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>h</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mi>h</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/866f0fa27e48b2b92dac73417cfa9ec56996cfde.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.005ex; width:71.19ex; height:7.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(2n)}(f)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)}{2}}+{\frac {h}{2}}\cdot \sum _{i=1}^{n}f\left(a\ -{\frac {h}{2}}+i\cdot h\right)={\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Für die Fehlerschätzung der Sehnentrapezregel erhält man somit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>≈<!-- ≈ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2535768a4adc8f0c251a06d5884081e4c27006d6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:99.815ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)\approx {\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4}{3}}\left({\frac {T^{(n)}(f)+M^{(n)}(f)}{2}}-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Addiert man zum Näherungswert <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b352314da056fca85ac4a846513c0fa6128ec942.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.306ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> die Fehlerschätzung für <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>E</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e188fc5e92da2e51f4c71e520eb08d1051814873.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.38ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, so erhält man die beiden besseren äquivalenten Formeln:
</p>
<ol><li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>2</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/7812a3d723c433d0a56c3a64ab8924266c9b6c37.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:62.225ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {2}{3}}\left(M^{(n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(n)}(f)+2M^{(n)}(f)\right).}" loading="lazy"></span><br>Das ist die Formel von <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/64f8f9022f0a0815bc93d93355ffb58c27f30336.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.107ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> der <a href="Simpsonregel" title="Simpsonregel">Simpsonregel</a>. Somit erhält man eine Formel vom Genauigkeitsgrad 3, die Polynome bis zum Grad 3 exakt integriert. Diese liefert i. A. bessere Resultate als <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b352314da056fca85ac4a846513c0fa6128ec942.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.306ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span> oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/709e5c6cb56eada6c5d79c3a4a9962d601e0b809.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.084ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(n)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>.</li>
<li><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>4</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/17398a1d0851355b45c205fb9fc129228a78f046.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:59.278ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(n)}(f)+{\frac {4}{3}}\left(T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(2n)}(f)-T^{(n)}(f)}{3}}.}" loading="lazy"></span><br>Das ist die Formel für die 2. Spalte des Rechenschemas der <a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a> bei Verwendung der Romberg-Folge. Somit ist die 2. Spalte des Rombergschemas die Simpsonregel mit dem Genauigkeitsgrad 3.</li></ol>
<p>Angewandt auf obiges Beispiel erhält man mit
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>S</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>4</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>3</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>728</mn>
<mo>⋅<!-- ⋅ --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msqrt>
<mn>3</mn>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
<mo>+</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>27</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,664</mn>
<mn>18473741264</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bdeae211886cb4112f420bb74863377c492bb714.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:102.455ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S^{(6)}(f)={\frac {1}{3}}\left(T^{(6)}(f)+2M^{(6)}(f)\right)={\frac {4\cdot T^{(12)}(f)-T^{(6)}(f)}{3}}={\frac {728\cdot ({\sqrt {3}}+1)}{27}}=73{,}66418473741264\dots }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>eine bessere Näherung für das exakte Integral <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>J</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mn>3</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>3</mn>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>x</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>73,628</mn>
<mn>2396649</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ec9cd88e8f14dcc52b4f45ebf639a2cb610d0782.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:40.635ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle J(f)=\int _{0}^{2}3^{3x-1}\,\mathrm {d} x=73{,}6282396649\dots }" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>als mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>80</mn>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>,</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">¯<!-- ¯ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>75,470</mn>
<mn>3608...</mn>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ac8c94ac72e44165fd43c1b60419fcbb58671971.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:39.519ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(6)}(f)=80{,}{\bar {8}},T^{(12)}(f)=75{,}4703608...}" loading="lazy"></span>, oder <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>M</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>70,051</mn>
<mn>83266</mn>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fe8f8466f9abe14615751c77a2619ac60322a9a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:27.434ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle M^{(6)}(f)=70{,}05183266\dots ,}" loading="lazy"></span>
</p><p>bei gleicher Anzahl auszuwertender Funktionswerte wie <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mn>12</mn>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6bbd86e724fa128cc5be26ddafaf8b4ac2adc817.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.963ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T^{(12)}(f)}" loading="lazy"></span>, nämlich 13 Stück.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Newton-Cotes-Formeln" title="Newton-Cotes-Formeln">Newton-Cotes-Formeln</a></li>
<li><a href="Simpsonregel" title="Simpsonregel">Simpsonregel</a> (Keplersche Fassregel)</li>
<li><a href="Romberg-Integration" title="Romberg-Integration">Romberg-Integration</a></li>
<li><a href="Trapez-Methode" title="Trapez-Methode">Trapez-Methode</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Josef Stoer: <i>Numerische Mathematik.</i> Springer, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-540-21395-3.</li>
<li>Martin Hanke-Bourgeois: <i>Grundlagen der Numerischen Mathematik und des Wissenschaftlichen Rechnens.</i> Teubner, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-519-00356-2, S. 317 ff.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger B. Nelsen: <i>Beweise ohne Worte</i>, Deutschsprachige Ausgabe herausgegeben von Nicola Oswald, <a href="Springer_Spektrum" title="Springer Spektrum">Springer Spektrum</a>, Springer-Verlag <a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> <a href="Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50330-0, Seite 169</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Mathematics_Magazine" title="Mathematics Magazine">Mathematics Magazine</a>, vol. 68, no. 3 (June 1995), S. 192</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Deuflhard; Folkmar Bornemann: <cite style="font-style:italic">Numerische Mathematik / 1. Eine algorithmisch orientierte Einführung.</cite> 4., überarb. und erw. Auflage. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>. de Gruyter, Berlin, ISBN 3-11-020354-5, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>313</span>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Trapezregel&rft.au=Peter+Deuflhard%3B+Folkmar+Bornemann&rft.btitle=Numerische+Mathematik+%2F+1.+Eine+algorithmisch+orientierte+Einf%C3%BChrung.&rft.edition=4.%2C+%C3%BCberarb.+und+erw.+Aufl.&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=3110203545&rft.pages=313&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.volume=1" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger B. Nelsen: <i>Beweise ohne Worte</i>, Deutschsprachige Ausgabe herausgegeben von Nicola Oswald, Springer Spektrum, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-662-50330-0, Seite 170</span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-12-31" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Trapezregel&oldid=262893615">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
</body></html>